Switching to solar power at home is one of the smartest and most rewarding decisions you can make. Whether you’re tired of high electricity bills or just want to reduce your carbon footprint, solar for home offers a sustainable solution that keeps paying off for decades.
In this friendly and simple guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from how solar panels work, the types of systems available to government subsidies and more.
What Is Solar Energy, and How Does It Work
Solar energy is power harnessed from the sun using photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells are combined to form a solar panel, which converts sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
Here’s a quick breakdown:
- Sunlight hits the solar panel
- PV cells absorb the energy and produce Direct Current (DC)
- A solar inverter converts DC to usable Alternating Current (AC)
- You use this power for appliances, and any extra goes back to the grid (if you’re on-grid)
Best Solar Panels for Your Home
1. Monocrystalline Solar Panels
There are mainly three types of panels you might consider for your rooftop solar PV system:
- High efficiency (18–22%)
- Sleek, black design
- Ideal for small rooftops
2. Polycrystalline Solar Panels
- Moderate efficiency (15–17%)
- Blue appearance
- More affordable than monocrystalline
3. Thin-Film Panels
- Lightweight and flexible
- Lower efficiency but great for specific applications
Each panel type comes with different costs, warranties, and energy outputs. For most homes, monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels offer the best balance of performance and price.
Understanding Kilowatts, Kilowatt-Hours & Energy Consumption
This part often confuses people, so let’s simplify it:
- Kilowatt (kW): A measure of power. If your system is 3 kW, it can produce 3 units per hour in ideal conditions.
- Kilowatt-hour (kWh or unit): This is one unit of electricity. If your 3 kW system works for 5 hours a day, it produces 15 kWh/day.
- Monthly Bill: If you consume 300 units/month, you need a 3–4 kW solar system to cover it.
👉 1 kW system = ~4 units/day = ~120 units/month
Solar System Types for Home Use (Solar for Home)
There are 3 major types of solar systems:
1. On-Grid (Grid-Tied)
- Connected to DISCOM
- Cheaper setup, no battery
- Net metering available: Sell excess power back to the grid
2. Off-Grid
- Includes battery backup
- Useful in areas with frequent power cuts
- Slightly higher cost
3. Hybrid
- Best of both worlds (grid + battery)
- More expensive but offers power reliability and savings
How Much Does a Home Solar System Cost?
The cost varies depending on system size, panel type, and whether you’re opting for battery storage.
| System Size | Monthly Usage (kWh) | Estimated Cost (₹) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kW | 100–120 | ₹60,000 – ₹75,000 |
| 3 kW | 300–360 | ₹1.5L – ₹2.2L |
| 5 kW | 500–600 | ₹2.5L – ₹3.5L |
| 10 kW | 1000+ | ₹5L – ₹6.5L |
Prices are approximate and vary by state, vendor, and technology.
PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: What You Need to Know
The Indian government now offers up to ₹78,000 in subsidies for residential rooftop solar under the PM Surya Ghar Yojana.
Subsidy Slabs:
- Up to 2 kW: ₹30,000/kW
- Next 1 kW (up to 3): ₹18,000/kW
- Max subsidy: ₹78,000
Visit pmsuryaghar.gov.in to apply and track your application.
The Installation Process: Step-by-Step
- Energy Analysis: Your installer checks your energy bills and roof capacity
- System Design: Custom plan based on roof type and sun exposure
- Documentation & Net Metering: Your vendor will assist with permits
- Installation: Mounting, wiring, and inverter connection
- Testing & Commissioning: Your system is checked and powered on!
Tips to Choose the Right Installer
- Look for MNRE-certified vendors
- Check if they handle documentation and net metering.
- Ask about warranties. (panel: 25 yrs, inverter: 5–10 yrs)
- Read reviews and get multiple quotes
People Also Ask
Q: Is solar for home worth it?
Yes! A 3–5 kW system can reduce your electricity bill by up to 90%.
Q: Can I run AC on solar panels?
Yes. Choose the right system size, and you can run everything, including air conditioners.
Q: What is net metering?
It’s a system where you export excess electricity to the grid and earn credits.
Q: Do solar panels work during power cuts?
Only off-grid or hybrid systems work during outages. On-grid shuts down for safety.
Q: Can I install solar if I live in an apartment?
Yes, if you have rooftop access. RWAs can also install common solar systems.
Final Thoughts
Going solar at home is no longer a luxury—it’s a necessity. With rising electricity bills, climate concerns, and helpful subsidies, solar for home is the best way to save money and embrace sustainable living.
Whether you’re just getting started or ready to make the switch, take your first step today. Explore system options, apply for subsidies, and let the sun power your home.